Excessive Screen Time Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Speech Delay in Children Aged 0–6 Years in Malang City

Abstract

Excessive exposure to screen-based media in early childhood may interfere with various aspects of development, particularly speech and language skills. This study aims to analyze the significance of screen time duration as a predictor of speech delay in children aged 0–6 years in Malang City. A case–control design was employed involving 60 children, consisting of 30 children with speech delay and 30 children with normal speech development. Data on daily screen time duration were collected through parent-reported questionnaires, while developmental status was assessed using the Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire (KPSP). Statistical analysis using the Chi-Square test revealed a significant association between screen time duration and speech delay (p = 0.000). Children exposed to screen time for more than one hour per day were found to have a higher risk of experiencing speech delay compared to those with limited exposure. In conclusion, screen time duration is a significant predictor of speech delay in children aged 0–6 years, with longer exposure associated with an increased risk of delayed speech development. These findings highlight the importance of parental supervision and limiting screen-based media use, as well as promoting direct interaction to support optimal language development in early childhood.

Keywords: early childhood; screen time; speech delay